Signal transmitting method for device-to-device (D2D) communication in wireless communication system and device therefor

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a method and a device for transmitting a device-to-device (D2D) signal of a first terminal in a wireless communication system. Particularly, the method comprises the steps of: receiving at least one parameter for D2D communication which includes a scheduling assignment identity (ID); and transmitting a D2D signal generated by using the scheduling assignment ID to a second terminal through an uplink subframe, wherein the scheduling assignment ID is associated with the second terminal for the D2D communication.

This application is a National Stage Application of InternationalApplication No. PCT/KR2015/001326, filed on Feb. 10, 2015, which claimsthe benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/937,639, filed onFeb. 10, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/944,054, filed onFeb. 24, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/001,592, filed on May21, 2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/002,186, filed on May 23,2014, U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/017,824, filed on Jun. 26,2014 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/034,748, filed on Aug. 7,2014, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, andmore particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting a signalfor device-to-device (D2D) communication.

BACKGROUND ART

A 3rd generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP LTE)(hereinafter, referred to as ‘LTE’) communication system which is anexample of a wireless communication system to which the presentinvention can be applied will be described in brief.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network structure of an EvolvedUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) which is an exampleof a wireless communication system. The E-UMTS is an evolved version ofthe conventional UMTS, and its basic standardization is in progressunder the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The E-UMTS may bereferred to as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. Details of thetechnical specifications of the UMTS and E-UMTS may be understood withreference to Release 7 and Release 8 of “3rd Generation PartnershipProject; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network”.

Referring to FIG. 1, the E-UMTS includes a User Equipment (UE), basestations (eNode B; eNB), and an Access Gateway (AG) which is located atan end of a network (E-UTRAN) and connected to an external network. Thebase stations may simultaneously transmit multiple data streams for abroadcast service, a multicast service and/or a unicast service.

One or more cells exist for one base station. One cell is set to one ofbandwidths of 1.44, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz to provide a downlink oruplink transport service to several user equipments. Different cells maybe set to provide different bandwidths. Also, one base station controlsdata transmission and reception for a plurality of user equipments. Thebase station transmits downlink (DL) scheduling information of downlinkdata to the corresponding user equipment to notify the correspondinguser equipment of time and frequency domains to which data will betransmitted and information related to encoding, data size, and hybridautomatic repeat and request (HARQ). Also, the base station transmitsuplink (UL) scheduling information of uplink data to the correspondinguser equipment to notify the corresponding user equipment of time andfrequency domains that can be used by the corresponding user equipment,and information related to encoding, data size, and HARQ. An interfacefor transmitting user traffic or control traffic may be used between thebase stations. A Core Network (CN) may include the AG and a network nodeor the like for user registration of the user equipment. The AG managesmobility of the user equipment on a Tracking Area (TA) basis, whereinone TA includes a plurality of cells.

Although the wireless communication technology developed based on WCDMAhas been evolved into LTE, request and expectation of users andproviders have continued to increase. Also, since another wirelessaccess technology is being continuously developed, new evolution of thewireless communication technology will be required for competitivenessin the future. In this respect, reduction of cost per bit, increase ofavailable service, use of adaptable frequency band, simple structure andopen type interface, proper power consumption of the user equipment,etc. are required.

In order to assist an eNB and efficiently managing a wirelesscommunication system, a UE periodically and/or aperiodically reportsstate information about a current channel to the eNB. The reportedchannel state information may include results calculated inconsideration of various situations, and accordingly a more efficientreporting method is needed.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

An object of the present invention devised to solve the problem lies ina method and apparatus for transmitting a signal for device-to-device(D2D) communication in a wireless communication system.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description of the present invention areexemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the invention as claimed.

Technical Solution

The object of the present invention can be achieved by providing amethod of transmitting a device-to-device (D2D) signal of a first userequipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method includingreceiving at least one parameter for D2D communication, includingscheduling assignment identity (ID), and transmitting a D2D signalgenerated using the scheduling assignment ID to a second UE through anuplink subframe, wherein the scheduling assignment ID is related to thesecond UE for the D2D communication.

The D2D signal may be scrambled using a scrambling sequence generatedbased on the scheduling assignment ID, a codeword index, and a cell ID.The D2D signal may be configured with a data channel configured for theD2D communication. The codeword index may be set to 0. The cell ID maybe 510.

The D2D signal may include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) andan orthogonal cover code (OCC) of the DM-RS may be preconfigured.

The D2D signal may include a demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) andcyclic shift and an orthogonal cover code (OCC) of the DM-RS may bedefined based on the scheduling assignment ID. The OCC may be definedusing a specific bit among a plurality of bits constituting thescheduling assignment ID, and the cyclic shift may be defined usingremaining bits except for the specific bit among the plurality of bits.The specific bit may be an uppermost bit among the plurality of bits.The specific bit may be a bit with a minimum index among the pluralityof bits.

In another aspect of the present invention, provided herein is a firstuser equipment (UE) for transmitting a device-to-device (D2D) signal ina wireless communication system, the first UE including a radiofrequency (RF) unit, and a processor, wherein the processor isconfigured to receive at least one parameter for D2D communication,including scheduling assignment identity (ID) and to transmit a D2Dsignal generated using the scheduling assignment ID to a second UEthrough an uplink subframe, and the scheduling assignment ID is relatedto the second UE for the D2D communication.

Advantageous Effects

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a signal fordevice-to-device (D2D) communication can be effectively transmitted in awireless communication system.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that that theeffects that could be achieved with the present invention are notlimited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and otheradvantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood fromthe following detailed description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention, illustrate embodiments of the inventionand together with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network structure of an EvolvedUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System (E-UMTS) which is an exampleof a wireless communication system;

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and auser plane of a radio interface protocol between a user equipment andE-UTRAN based on the 3GPP radio access network standard;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing physical channels used in a 3GPP system anda general signal transmission method using the same;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame used inthe LTE system;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary control channel includedin the control region of a subframe in a downlink radio frame;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an uplink subframe inthe LTE system;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a typical MIMOcommunication system;

FIG. 8 is a diagram for conceptual explanation of D2D communication;

FIG. 9 is a reference diagram for explanation of a case in which D2Dcommunication is performed in an environment in which a plurality of UEsis present according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a reference diagram for explanation of the aforementionedeffect obtained by applying the present invention; and

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a base station (BS) and a UE towhich an embodiment of the present invention is applicable.

BEST MODE

The configuration, operation and other features of the present inventionwill be understood by the embodiments of the present invention describedwith reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodimentsare examples of applying the technical features of the present inventionto a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system.

Although the embodiments of the present invention are described usingthe LTE system and the LTE-A system in the present specification, theembodiments of the present invention are applicable to any communicationsystem corresponding to the above definition. In addition, although theembodiments of the present invention are described based on a FrequencyDivision Duplex (FDD) scheme in the present specification, theembodiments of the present invention may be easily modified and appliedto a Half-Duplex FDD (H-FDD) scheme or a Time Division Duplex (TDD)scheme.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating structures of a control plane and auser plane of a radio interface protocol between a user equipment andE-UTRAN based on the 3GPP radio access network standard. The controlplane means a passageway where control messages are transmitted, whereinthe control messages are used by the user equipment and the network tomanage call. The user plane means a passageway where data generated inan application layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet dataare transmitted.

A physical layer as the first layer provides an information transferservice to an upper layer using a physical channel. The physical layeris connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer via a transportchannel, wherein the medium access control layer is located above thephysical layer. Data are transferred between the medium access controllayer and the physical layer via the transport channel. Data aretransferred between one physical layer of a transmitting side and theother physical layer of a receiving side via the physical channel. Thephysical channel uses time and frequency as radio resources. In moredetail, the physical channel is modulated in accordance with anorthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme in adownlink, and is modulated in accordance with a single carrier frequencydivision multiple access (SC-FDMA) scheme in an uplink.

A medium access control (MAC) layer of the second layer provides aservice to a radio link control (RLC) layer above the MAC layer via alogical channel. The RLC layer of the second layer supports reliabledata transmission. The RLC layer may be implemented as a functionalblock inside the MAC layer. In order to effectively transmit data usingIP packets such as IPv4 or IPv6 within a radio interface having a narrowbandwidth, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the secondlayer performs header compression to reduce the size of unnecessarycontrol information.

A radio resource control (RRC) layer located on the lowest part of thethird layer is defined in the control plane only. The RRC layer isassociated with configuration, re-configuration and release of radiobearers (‘RBs’) to be in charge of controlling the logical, transportand physical channels. In this case, the RB means a service provided bythe second layer for the data transfer between the user equipment andthe network. To this end, the RRC layers of the user equipment and thenetwork exchange RRC message with each other. If the RRC layer of theuser equipment is RRC connected with the RRC layer of the network, theuser equipment is in an RRC connected mode. If not so, the userequipment is in an RRC idle mode. A non-access stratum (NAS) layerlocated above the RRC layer performs functions such as sessionmanagement and mobility management.

One cell constituting a base station eNB is set to one of bandwidths of1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz and provides a downlink or uplinktransmission service to several user equipments. At this time, differentcells may be set to provide different bandwidths.

As downlink transport channels carrying data from the network to theuser equipment, there are provided a broadcast channel (BCH) carryingsystem information, a paging channel (PCH) carrying paging message, anda downlink shared channel (SCH) carrying user traffic or controlmessages. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast orbroadcast service may be transmitted via the downlink SCH or anadditional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, as uplinktransport channels carrying data from the user equipment to the network,there are provided a random access channel (RACH) carrying an initialcontrol message and an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) carrying usertraffic or control message. As logical channels located above thetransport channels and mapped with the transport channels, there areprovided a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel(PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel(MCCH), and a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing physical channels used in a 3GPP system anda general signal transmission method using the same.

A UE performs an initial cell search operation such as synchronizationwith an eNB when power is turned on or the UE enters a new cell (S301).To this end, the UE may receive a Primary Synchronization Channel(P-SCH) and a Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH) from the eNB,perform synchronization with the eNB, and acquire information such as acell ID. Thereafter, the UE may receive a physical broadcast channelfrom the eNB so as to acquire broadcast information within the cell. TheUE may receive a Downlink Reference Signal (DL RS) so as to check adownlink channel state in the initial cell search operation.

The UE which completes the initial cell search may receive a PhysicalDownlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and a Physical Downlink Shared Channel(PDSCH) according to information included in the PDCCH so as to acquiremore detailed system information (S302).

When the UE initially access the eNB or there is no radio resource, theUE may perform a Random Access Procedure (RACH) on the eNB (S303 toS306). To this end, the UE may transmit a specific sequence as apreamble through a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) (S303 andS305) and receive a response message of the preamble through the PDCCHand the PDSCH corresponding thereto (S304 and S306). In the case ofcontention-based RACH, a contention resolution procedure may be furtherperformed.

The UE which performs the above procedures may perform PDCCH/PDSCHreception (S307) and Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)/PhysicalUplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission (S308) as a generaluplink/downlink signal transmission procedure. In particular, the UE mayreceive Downlink Control Information (DCI) through the PDCCH. Here, theDCI may include control information such as resource allocationinformation for the UE. Different DCI formats are defined according todifferent usages of DCI.

Control information that the UE transmits to the eNB on the uplink orreceives from the eNB on the downlink includes a downlink/uplinkACKnowledgment/Negative ACKnowledgment (ACK/NACK) signal, a ChannelQuality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Index (PMI), a RankIndicator (RI), etc. In the 3GPP LTE system, the UE may transmit controlinformation such as the aforementioned CQI/PMI/RI on a PUSCH and/or aPUCCH.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a radio frame used inthe LTE system.

Referring to FIG. 4, a radio frame is 10 ms (327200×T₅) long and dividedinto 10 equal-sized subframes. Each subframe is 1 ms long and furtherdivided into two slots. Each time slot is 0.5 ms (15360×T_(s)) long.Herein, T_(s) represents a sampling time and T₅=1/(15kHz×2048)=3.2552×10⁻⁸ (about 33 ns). A slot includes a plurality of OFDMsymbols in the time domain and a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) inthe frequency domain. In the LTE system, one RB includes 12 subcarriersby 7 (or 6) OFDM symbols. A unit time in which data is transmitted isdefined as Transmission Time Interval (TTI). The TTI may be defined asone or more subframes. The above-described radio frame structure ispurely exemplary and thus the number of subframes in a radio frame, thenumber of slots in a subframe, or the number of OFDM symbols in a slotmay vary.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary control channel includedin the control region of a subframe in a downlink radio frame.

Referring to FIG. 5, a subframe includes 14 OFDM symbols. The first oneto three OFDM symbols of a subframe are used for a control region andthe other 13 to 11 OFDM symbols are used for a data region according toa subframe configuration. In the drawing, reference characters R1 to R4denote RSs or pilot signals for antenna 0 to antenna 3. RSs areallocated in a predetermined pattern in a subframe irrespective of thecontrol region and the data region. A control channel is allocated tonon-RS resources in the control region and a traffic channel is alsoallocated to non-RS resources in the data region. Control channelsallocated to the control region include a Physical Control FormatIndicator Channel (PCFICH), a Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel(PHICH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), etc.

The PCFICH is a physical control format indicator channel carryinginformation about the number of OFDM symbols used for PDCCHs in eachsubframe. The PCFICH is located in the first OFDM symbol of a subframeand configured with priority over the PHICH and the PDCCH. The PCFICH iscomposed of 4 Resource Element Groups (REGs), each REG being distributedto the control region based on a cell Identity (ID). One REG includes 4Resource Elements (REs). An RE is a minimum physical resource defined byone subcarrier by one OFDM symbol. The PCFICH indicates 1 to 3 or 2 to 4according to a bandwidth. The PCFICH is modulated in Quadrature PhaseShift Keying (QPSK).

The PHICH is a physical Hybrid-Automatic Repeat and request (HARQ)indicator channel carrying an HARQ ACK/NACK for an uplink transmission.That is, the PHICH is a channel that delivers DL ACK/NACK informationfor UL HARQ. The PHICH includes one REG and is scrambledcell-specifically. An ACK/NACK is indicated in one bit and modulated inBinary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK). The modulated ACK/NACK is spread witha Spreading Factor (SF) of 2 or 4. A plurality of PHICHs mapped to thesame resources form a PHICH group. The number of PHICHs multiplexed intoa PHICH group is determined according to the number of spreading codes.A PHICH (group) is repeated three times to obtain a diversity gain inthe frequency domain and/or the time domain.

The PDCCH is a physical downlink control channel allocated to the firstn OFDM symbols of a subframe. Herein, n is 1 or a larger integerindicated by the PCFICH. The PDCCH is composed of one or more CCEs. ThePDCCH carries resource allocation information about transport channels,PCH and DL-SCH, an uplink scheduling grant, and HARQ information to eachUE or UE group. The PCH and the DL-SCH are transmitted on a PDSCH.Therefore, an eNB and a UE transmit and receive data usually on thePDSCH, except for specific control information or specific service data.

Information indicating a UE (one or more UEs) to receive PDSCH data andinformation indicating how the UEs are supposed to receive and decodethe PDSCH data are delivered on a PDCCH. For example, on the assumptionthat the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of a specific PDCCH is masked byRadio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) “A” and information about datatransmitted in radio resources (e.g. at a frequency position) “B” basedon transport format information (e.g. a transport block size, amodulation scheme, coding information, etc.) “C” is transmitted in aspecific subframe, a UE within a cell monitors, that is, blind-decodes aPDCCH using its RNTI information in a search space. If one or more UEshave RNTI “A”, these UEs receive the PDCCH and receive a PDSCH indicatedby “B” and “C” based on information of the received PDCCH.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an uplink subframe inthe LTE system.

Referring to FIG. 6, an uplink subframe may be divided into a region towhich a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) for delivering controlinformation is allocated and a region to which a Physical uplink SharedChannel (PUSCH) for delivering user data is allocated. The middle of thesubframe is allocated to the PUSCH, while both sides of the data regionin the frequency domain are allocated to the PUCCH. Control informationtransmitted on the PUCCH may include a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuestACKnowledgement/Negative ACKnowledgement (HARQ ARCK/NACK), a ChannelQuality Indicator (CQI) representing a downlink channel state, a RankIndicator (RI) for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), a SchedulingRequest (SR) requesting uplink resource allocation. A PUCCH for one UEmay use one Resource Block (RB) that occupies different frequencies ineach slot of a subframe. That is, the two RBs allocated to the PUCCHfrequency-hop over the slot boundary of the subframe. Particularly,PUCCHs with m=0, m=1, and m=2 are allocated to a subframe in FIG. 6.

Now a description will be given of a Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO) system. MIMO can increase the transmission and receptionefficiency of data by using a plurality of Transmission (Tx) antennasand a plurality of Reception (Rx) antennas. That is, with the use ofmultiple antennas at a transmitter or a receiver, MIMO can increasecapacity and improve performance in a wireless communication system. Theterm “MIMO” is interchangeable with “multi-antenna”.

The MIMO technology does not depend on a single antenna path to receivea whole message. Rather, it completes the message by combining datafragments received through a plurality of antennas. MIMO can increasedata rate within a cell area of a predetermined size or extend systemcoverage at a given data rate. In addition, MIMO can find its use in awide range including mobile terminals, relays, etc. MIMO can overcome alimited transmission capacity encountered with the conventionalsingle-antenna technology in mobile communication.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a typical MIMOcommunication system. Referring to FIG. 7, a transmitter has N_(T) Txantennas and a receiver has N_(R) Rx antennas. The simultaneous use of aplurality of antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver increasesa theoretical channel transmission capacity, compared to use of aplurality of antennas at only one of the transmitter and the receiver.The channel transmission capacity increases in proportion to the numberof antennas. Therefore, transmission rate and frequency efficiency areincreased. Given a maximum transmission rate R_(o) that may be achievedwith a single antenna, the transmission rate may be increased, intheory, to the product of R_(o) and a transmission rate increase rateR_(i) in the case of multiple antennas. R_(i) is the smaller valuebetween N_(T) and N_(R).R _(i)=min(N _(T) ,N _(R))  [Equation 1]

For instance, a MIMO communication system with four Tx antennas and fourRx antennas may achieve a four-fold increase in transmission ratetheoretically, relative to a single-antenna system. Since thetheoretical capacity increase of the MIMO system was verified in themiddle 1990s, many techniques have been actively proposed to increasedata rate in real implementation. Some of the techniques have alreadybeen reflected in various wireless communication standards for 3G mobilecommunications, future-generation Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN),etc.

Concerning the research trend of MIMO up to now, active studies areunderway in many respects of MIMO, inclusive of studies of informationtheory related to calculation of multi-antenna communication capacity indiverse channel environments and multiple access environments, studiesof measuring MIMO radio channels and MIMO modeling, studies oftime-space signal processing techniques to increase transmissionreliability and transmission rate, etc.

Communication in a MIMO system with N_(T) Tx antennas and N_(R) Rxantennas as illustrated in FIG. 7 will be described in detail throughmathematical modeling. Regarding a transmission signal, up to N_(T)pieces of information can be transmitted through the N_(T) Tx antennas,as expressed as the following vector.s=[s ₁ ,s ₂ , . . . ,s _(N) _(T) ]^(T)  [Equation 2]

A different transmission power may be applied to each piece oftransmission information, S₁, S₂, . . . , S_(N) _(T) . Let thetransmission power levels of the transmission information be denoted byP₁, P₂, . . . , P_(N) _(T) , respectively. Then the transmissionpower-controlled transmission information vector is given as Equation 3below.ŝ[ŝ ₁ ,ŝ ₂, . . . ,{circumflex over (2)}_(N) _(T) ]^(T)=[P ₁ s ₁ ,P ₂ s₂ , . . . ,P _(N) _(T) s _(N) _(T) ]^(T)  [Equation 3]

The transmission power-controlled transmission information vector Ŝ maybe expressed as follows, using a diagonal matrix P of transmissionpower.

$\begin{matrix}{\hat{s} = {{\begin{bmatrix}P_{1} & \; & \; & 0 \\\; & P_{2} & \; & \; \\\; & \; & \ddots & \; \\0 & \; & \; & P_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}s_{1} \\s_{2} \\\vdots \\s_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} = {P\; s}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

N_(T) transmission signals x₁, x₂, . . . , x_(N) _(T) may be generatedby multiplying the transmission power-controlled information vector ŝ bya weight matrix W. The weight matrix W functions to appropriatelydistribute the transmission information to the Tx antennas according totransmission channel states, etc. These N_(T) transmission signals x₁,x₂, . . . , x_(N) _(T) are represented as a vector x, which may bedetermined by [Equation 5]. Herein, W_(ij) denotes a weight between aj^(th) piece of information and an i^(th) Tx antenna and W is referredto as a weight matrix or a precoding matrix.

$\begin{matrix}{x = {\quad{\begin{bmatrix}x_{1} \\x_{2} \\\vdots \\x_{i} \\\vdots \\x_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix} = {{\begin{bmatrix}w_{11} & w_{12} & \ldots & w_{1N_{T}} \\w_{21} & w_{22} & \ldots & w_{2N_{T}} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\w_{i\; 1} & w_{i\; 2} & \ldots & w_{i\; N\; T} \\\vdots & \; & \ddots & \; \\w_{N_{T}1} & w_{N_{T}2} & \ldots & w_{N_{T}N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}{\hat{s}}_{1} \\{\hat{s}}_{2} \\\vdots \\{\hat{s}}_{j} \\\vdots \\{\hat{s}}_{N_{T}}\end{bmatrix}} = {{W\hat{s}} = {W\; P\; s}}}}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In general, the rank of a channel matrix is the maximum number ofdifferent pieces of information that can be transmitted on a givenchannel, in its physical meaning. Therefore, the rank of a channelmatrix is defined as the smaller between the number of independent rowsand the number of independent columns in the channel matrix. The rank ofthe channel matrix is not larger than the number of rows or columns ofthe channel matrix. The rank of a channel matrix H, rank(H) satisfiesthe following constraint.rank(H)≤min(N _(T) ,N _(R))  [Equation 6]

A different piece of information transmitted in MIMO is referred to as‘transmission stream’ or shortly ‘stream’. The ‘stream’ may also becalled ‘layer’. It is thus concluded that the number of transmissionstreams is not larger than the rank of channels, i.e. the maximum numberof different pieces of transmittable information. Thus, the channelmatrix H is determined by Equation 7 below.# of streams≤rank(H)≤min(N _(T) ,N _(R))  [Equation 7]

One or more streams may be mapped to a plurality of antennas in manyways. The stream-to-antenna mapping may be described as followsdepending on MIMO schemes.

If one stream is transmitted through a plurality of antennas, this maybe regarded as spatial diversity. When a plurality of streams aretransmitted through a plurality of antennas, this may be spatialmultiplexing. Needless to say, a hybrid scheme of spatial diversity andspatial multiplexing in combination may be contemplated.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for conceptual explanation of D2D communication.FIG. 8(a) illustrates a typical eNB-centered communication scheme. Afirst UE UE1 may transmit data to an eNB on the uplink and the eNB maytransmit the data from the first UE UE1 to a second UE UE2 on thedownlink.

FIG. 8(b) illustrates a UE-to-UE communication scheme as an example ofD2D communication. Data exchange between UEs may be performed withoutgoing through an eNB. A link established directly between devices may bereferred to as a D2D link. The D2D communication reduces latency andrequires less radio resources, compared to the typical eNB-centeredcommunication scheme.

D2D communication is a scheme for supporting communication betweendevices (or UEs) without going through an eNB. However, D2Dcommunication needs to reuse resources of a typical wirelesscommunication system (e.g., 3GPP LTE/LTE-A) and, thus, should not causeinterference or jamming in the typical wireless communication system. Inthe same vein, it is also important to minimize interference thataffects D2D communication by a UE, an eNB, etc. that operate in thetypical wireless communication system.

Based on the above description, the present invention proposes a codingscheme for reducing interference between a plurality of transmission UEsduring repetitive transmission of the same information every resourceunit using a plurality of resources in D2D communication.

Currently, a method of repeatedly transmitting the same informationusing a plurality of resources for D2D communication in the LTE systemhas been discussed because the method can enhance reliability of D2Dcommunication in consideration of a position of a UE with lower powerthan an eNB.

Hereinafter, for convenience of description of the present invention, anentire time-frequency region in which D2D communication is performed isreferred to as a resource pool and a minimum unit composed of time andfrequency for transmission in the resource pool is defined as a resourceelement (RE). In addition, a unit as one group formed by collecting aplurality of REs is defined as a D2D resource subframe. The D2D resourcesubframe may be a small group in a current LTE subframe or may be oneunit formed by collecting a plurality of LTE subframes.

The present invention may be applied to a case in which the sameinformation is repeatedly transmitted through a plurality of D2Dresource subframes in the resource pool. In each D2D resource subframein which the repeatedly transmitted information is positioned, areference signal (RS) and data may be representatively transmitted.

FIG. 9 is a reference diagram for explanation of a case in which D2Dcommunication is performed in an environment in which a plurality of UEsis present according to the present invention. When D2D communication isperformed as illustrated in FIG. 9, two UEs may frequently performtransmission on each other through the same D2D resource subframe. Inthis case, reference signals (RSs) and data of the UEs may collide witheach other, thereby degrading overall system performance.

Accordingly, the present invention proposes a method of applying codesorthogonal to repeated D2D resource subframes in order to reduceinterference due to transmission UEs when information is repeatedlytransmitted in a plurality of D2D resource subframes such that two ormore D2D UEs use low power.

With regard to repeated D2D resource subframes, reference signals anddata may be arranged to form a predetermined pattern in each D2Dresource subframe. First, the number of repeated D2D resource subframesis N, a transmitted RS is a_(i(n),k,l), and data is d_(i(n),k,l). Here,i(n) is a number of n^(th) repeated D2D resource subframes, k is afrequency number of a resource element (RE) in the n^(th) repeated D2Dresource subframes, and l is an OFDM symbol index of a resource elementin the n^(th) repeated D2D resource subframes. Basically, it is assumedthat a_(i(n),k,l) and d_(i(n),k,l) and are the same information and arescrambled signals with respect to all n (i.e., 1˜N).

From an RS point of view, one sequence needs to be selected forscrambling in a D2D resource subframe. Considering that D2D transmissionmay interfere with each other in the same D2D resource subframe, it maybe necessary to different scrambling sequences every transmission UE forinterference randomization. For example, on the assumption that threetransmission UEs perform transmission in the same D2D resource subframe,a reception UE may simultaneously receive RSs of the three transmissionUEs but only one transmission UE among these may transmit informationfor the reception UE. In this case, when the two remaining transmissionUEs are close to each other and have the same scrambling sequence,interference may increase from an RS point of view. Accordingly, inorder to overcome this problem, transmission UEs need to set ascrambling sequence to be randomly selected for interferencerandomization.

Accordingly, the present invention proposes that a scrambling sequencethat is randomly selected in a first D2D resource subframe amongrepeated D2D resource subframes be used in the same way in differentrepeated D2D resource subframes when the same information is repeatedlytransmitted in a plurality of D2D resource subframes to a specifictransmission UE. Accordingly, the scrambled a_(i(n),k,l) may applyorthogonal codes as shown in Equation 8 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{D_{({n\; m})}^{N \times N} = e^{j\frac{2{\pi{({n - 1})}}{({m - 1})}}{N}}},{{{for}{\mspace{11mu}\;}n} = 1},2,\ldots\mspace{14mu},N,{m = 1},2,\ldots\mspace{14mu},N} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$In Equation 8 above, (nm) indicates an element of (n,m) in a matrix D.In Equation 8 above, an RS to which orthogonal codes are applied may berepresented according to Equation 9 below.ā _(i(n),k,l) =a _(i(n),k,l) ×D _((nm)) ^(N×N)  [Equation 9]

In Equation 9 above, a code corresponding one column of the matrix D isapplied to N repeated subframes. A transmission UE may transmitā_(i(n),k,l) to which the code is applied for an RS. In this case, m maybe selected from 1˜N and may be randomly selected every transmission UEor may be selected and indicated by a representative UE or eNB. Here,the representative UE may refer to a specific UE selected from a groupincluding a plurality of UEs. In addition, a transmission UE maydynamically notify a reception UE of m through DCI format or maysemi-statically notify the reception UE via RRC signaling. Furthermore,according to the present invention, although an example of an orthogonalcode for N repeated subframes has been described in terms of Equation 9above, the present invention may also be applied to a case in whichanother orthogonal code is used instead of D_((nm)) ^(N×N), needless tosay.

Accordingly, according to the present invention, an RS to which Equation9 above is applied may apply interference randomization to interferencebetween transmission UEs, thereby reducing an interference effect. WhenD2D resource subframes in which interference channels are repeated aresimilar to each other, inference may be almost removed by an orthogonalcode.

When the present invention is applied from a data point of view,scrambled d_(i(n),k,l) may be represented according to Equation 10 belowby applying the orthogonal code of Equation 8 above.d _(i(n),k,l) =d _(i(n),k,l) ×D _((nm′)) ^(N×N)

In this case, the present invention proposes that a scrambling sequencethat is randomly selected in a first D2D resource subframe of D2Dresource subframes that are repeatedly arranged in a specific UE shouldbe used in the same way in different repeated D2D resource subframes.

That is, as seen from Equation 10 above, a code corresponding to onecolumn of matrix D is applied to N repeated subframes. A transmission UEmay transmit d _(i(n),k,l) to which the code is applied for an RS. Inthis case, m′ may be selected from 1˜N and may be randomly selectedevery transmission UE or may be selected and indicated by arepresentative UE or eNB. In addition, the transmission UE maydynamically notify a reception UE of m′ through DCI format or maysemi-statically notify the reception UE via RRC signaling.

Accordingly, when data to which Equation 10 above is applied istransmitted to a reception UE, the reception UE may receive a receivedsignal represented according to Equation 11 below through one resourceelement (RE).

$\begin{matrix}{r_{{i{(n)}},k,l} = {{h_{{i{(n)}},k,l}{\overset{\_}{d}}_{{i{(n)}},k,l}} + {\sum\limits_{u}\left( {}^{u}{{h_{{i{(n)}},k,l}}^{u}{\overset{\_}{d}}_{{i{(n)}},k,l}} \right)} + n_{{i{(n)}},k,l}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 11} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 11, index u refers to an index of a UE that transmitsinterference. In this case, in order to remove D_((nm′)) ^(N×N) ofEquation 10 below from a received signal r_(i(n),k,l), a reciprocal ofD_((nm′)) ^(N×N) according to Equation 12 below may be multiplied.

$\begin{matrix}{z_{{i{(n)}},k,l} = \frac{r_{{i{(n)}},k,l}}{D_{({n\; m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 12} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

Then, signals y_(i(n),k,l) obtained by descrambling N signals with thesame index k,l among signals z_(i(n),k,l) of Equation 12 above may becollected and represented to derive Equation 13 below. For convenience,index k,l is omitted and Equation 13 below is represented.

$\begin{matrix}{\begin{bmatrix}y_{i{(1)}} \\y_{i{(2)}} \\\vdots \\y_{i{(N)}}\end{bmatrix} = {\left. {{\begin{bmatrix}h_{i{(1)}} \\h_{i{(2)}} \\\vdots \\h_{i{(N)}}\end{bmatrix}d} + {\sum\limits_{u}\left( {\begin{bmatrix}{\;^{u}h_{i{(1)}}\frac{D_{({1m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}{D_{({1m_{u}^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}} \\{\;^{u}h_{i{(2)}}\frac{D_{({2m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}{D_{({2m_{u}^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}} \\\vdots \\{\;^{u}h_{i{(N)}}\frac{D_{({N\; m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}{D_{({N\; m_{u}^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}}\end{bmatrix}^{u}d} \right)} + \mspace{259mu}\begin{bmatrix}n_{i{(1)}}^{\prime} \\n_{i{(2)}}^{\prime} \\\vdots \\n_{i{(N)}}^{\prime}\end{bmatrix}}\Leftrightarrow y \right. = {{h\; d} + {\sum\limits_{u}\left( {}^{u}{h^{u}d} \right)} + n}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 13} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 13 above, with regard to desired information d, the samescramble is applied to the same data and only D_((nm′)) ^(N×N) ofEquation 10 above is differently applied and, thus, the same informationmay remain in N resource elements REs and a representative value may berepresented by d.^(u)d may be data of different transmission UEs thatperform transmission using the same D2D resource subframe with index uto cause interference and uses the same scrambling and, thus, the samephase is just changed during descrambling of a desired signal. Inaddition, a different code D_((n″m′)) ^(N×N) from D_((nm′)) ^(N×N) ofEquation 10 above is applied and, thus, an interference channel may berepresented according to Equation 13 below.

In Equation 13 below, when a Maximal-ratio Combining (MRC) scheme isused in

${y = {{h\; d} + {\sum\limits_{u}\left( {}^{u}{h^{u}d} \right)} + n}},$Equation G may be obtained.

$\begin{matrix}{y = {{h^{H}h\; d} + {h^{H}{\sum\limits_{u}\left( {}^{u}{H^{u}d} \right)}} + {h^{H}n}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 14} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 14 above, an interference part may be extracted to obtainEquation 15 below.

$\begin{matrix}{I = {\begin{bmatrix}h_{i{(1)}} \\h_{i{(2)}} \\\vdots \\h_{i{(N)}}\end{bmatrix}^{H}{\sum\limits_{u}\left( {\begin{bmatrix}{\;^{u}h_{i{(1)}}\frac{D_{({1m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}{D_{({1m_{u}^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}} \\{\;^{u}h_{i{(2)}}\frac{D_{({2m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}{D_{({2m_{u}^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}} \\\vdots \\{\;^{u}h_{i{(N)}}\frac{D_{({N\; m^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}{D_{({N\; m_{u}^{\prime}})}^{N \times N}}}\end{bmatrix}^{u}d} \right)}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 15} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 14 above, when a desired channel and an interference channelare almost similar to each other between repeated D2D resourcesubframes, I may be approximately ‘0’. This is because D_((nm′)) ^(N×N)and D_((n″m′)) ^(N×N) are orthogonal to each other. Even if channels arenot completely the same, when adjacent subframes are used, it may beexpected that interference may be significantly reduced.

FIG. 10 is a reference diagram for explanation of the aforementionedeffect obtained by applying the present invention. Referring to FIG. 10,UE 1, UE 2, UE 3, and UE 4 may be D2D UEs that are synchronized with oneanother. When the UE 1 transmits an RS or data to the UE 2, the UE 4 mayintend to transmit an RS or data to the UE 3. In this case, the UE 4 isspaced far from the UE 1 and does not recognize that that UE 1 performstransmission and, thus, the UE4 may begin to perform transmissionthrough a resource location being used by the UE 1. In this case, atransmitted signal of the UE 1 and a transmitted signal of the UE 4 maybe considered as interference in terms of the UE 3 and the UE 2.Accordingly, in this case, when an orthogonal code is applied torepeated subframes using Equation 9 or 10 proposed according to thepresent invention, the UE 2 and the UE 3 may receive a signal withsignificantly reduced interference.

Although the case in which code D_((nm′)) ^(N×N) other than scramble isseparately applied has been described according to the present inventionfor convenience of description, code D_((nm′)) ^(N×N) may besimultaneously applied through one scramble.

In addition, according to the present invention, an RS and data may besimultaneously applied but only one of these may be applied. When an RSand data are simultaneously applied, Equations 9 and 10 above may besimultaneously applied. In this case, in Equations 9 and 10 above, m andm′ may use the same value and the same orthogonal sequence may beapplied. In detail, transmission UEs may use ā_(i(n),k,l) obtained byapplying an orthogonal corresponding to Equation 9 above to a scramblingsequence a_(i(n),k,l) as a base for an RS as a scrambling sequence foran RS. In addition, d _(i(n),k,l) obtained by applying an orthogonalcode corresponding to Equation 10 above to a scrambling sequenced_(i(n),k,l) as a base for data may be used as a scrambling sequence fordata. In this case, orthogonal codes D_((nm)) ^(N×N) and D_((nm′))^(N×N) that use an RS and data may use the same sequence (m=m′). In thiscase, a value m=m′ may be randomly selected.

In more detail, data scrambling according to the present invention willnow be described. Basically, for scrambled d_(i(n),k,l), a scramblingsequence selected from a first D2D resource subframe among repeated D2Dresource subframes may be used in the same way in different repeated D2Dresource subframes. Referring to the related 3GPP standard, currently,data scrambling for uplink in the LTE is defined according to Table 1below in 5.3.1 ‘Scrambling’ of the 3GPP TS 36.211 document.

TABLE 1 For each codeword q, the block of bitsb^((q))(0),...,b^((q))(M_(bit) ^((q))-1), where M_(bit) ^((q)) is thenumber of bits transmitted in codeword q on the physical uplink sharedchannel in one subframe, shall be scrambled with a UE-specificscrambling sequence prior to modulation, resulting in a block ofscrambled bits {tilde over (b)}^((q))(0),...,{tilde over(b)}^((q))(M_(bit) ^((q))-1) according to the following psesudo code Seti = 0 while i < M_(bit) ^((q))  if b^((q))(i) = x // ACK/NACK or RankIndication placeholder bits   {tilde over (b)}^((q))(i) = 1  else  if b^((q))(i) = y //ACK/NACK or Rank Indication repetition placeholderbits     {tilde over (b)}^((q))(i) = {tilde over (b)}^((q))(i-1)  else   //Data or channel quality coded bits, Rank Indication codedbits or ACK/NACK coded bits    {tilde over (b)}^((q))(i) = (b^((q))(i) +c^((q))(i))mod2   end if  end if  i = i + 1 end while where x and y aretags defined in 3GPP TS 36.212 [3] clause 5.2.2.6 and where thescrambling sequence c^((q))(i) is given by clause 7.2. The scramblingsequence generator shall be initialised with c_(init) = n_(RNTI) · 2¹⁴ +q · 2¹³ + └n_(s)/2┘ · 2⁹ + N_(ID) ^(cell) at the start of each subframewhere n_(RNTI) corresponds to the RNTI associated with the PUSCHtransmission as described in clause 8 in 3GPP TS 36.213 [4]. Up to twocodewords can be transmitted in one subframe; i.e., q ∈ {0,1}. In thecase of single-codeword transmission, q = 0.

In Table 1 above, b^((q))(i) is a coded bit of data and c^((q))(i) is ascrambling sequence. b^((q))(i) and c^((q))(i) may be combined toconstitute a scrambled coded bit {tilde over (b)}^((q))(i). In addition,d_(i(n),k,l) described according to the present invention may beconsidered as symbol data obtained by modulating a scrambled coded bit{tilde over (b)}^((q))(i) and then performing layer mapping. In thiscase, a scrambling sequence c^((q))(i) may be determined according toc_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell) shown in Table 1above.

In the present invention, a scrambling sequence selected from a firstD2D resource subframe among repeated D2D resource subframes may be usedin the same way in different repeated D2D resource subframes.Accordingly, when c_(init) is generated based on a scrambling sequencegenerating method for PUSCH transmission in the current LTE system, onemethod may be used in each of the following two situations.

Situation A: When repeated subframes are continuously located and anindex of a first subframe of repeated subframes is

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{first}}{2} \right\rfloor,\left\lfloor \frac{n_{s}}{2} \right\rfloor$may be corrected to

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{first}}{2} \right\rfloor$in c_(init). For example, A-1) when repeated subframes are continuouslylocated and a first subframe index

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{first}}{2} \right\rfloor$satisfies

${\left( {\left\lfloor \frac{n_{first}}{2} \right\rfloor{mod}\; N} \right) = N_{offset}},\left\lfloor \frac{n_{s}}{2} \right\rfloor$may be corrected to

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{s} - {2\; N_{offset}}}{2\; N} \right\rfloor$in c_(init) (the number of repeated D2D resource subframes is assumed tobe N).

Situation B: When repeated subframes are not continuously located andhave one group virtual subframe index N_(g),

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{s}}{2} \right\rfloor$may be corrected to N_(g) in C_(init).

According to the aforementioned method, C_(init) may be generatedaccording to Equation 16 below in each situation.

$\begin{matrix}{\mspace{535mu}{\left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 16} \right\rbrack{{Situation}\mspace{14mu} A\text{:}}{{c_{init} = {{n_{RX} \cdot 2^{\gamma}} + {q \cdot 2^{\beta}} + {\left\lfloor \frac{n_{first}}{2} \right\rfloor \cdot 2^{\alpha}} + {N_{ID}^{Cluster}\mspace{14mu}\left( {{e.g.},{{in}\mspace{14mu} A\text{-}1}} \right)}}},{c_{init} = {{n_{RX} \cdot 2^{\gamma}} + {q \cdot 2^{\beta}} + {\left\lfloor \frac{n_{s} - {2N_{offset}}}{2N} \right\rfloor \cdot 2^{\alpha}} + N_{ID}^{Cluster}}}}\;{{Situation}\mspace{14mu} B\text{:}}{c_{init} = {{n_{RX} \cdot 2^{\gamma}} + {q \cdot 2^{\beta}} + {N_{g} \cdot 2^{\alpha}} + N_{ID}^{Cluster}}}}\;} & \;\end{matrix}$

In the aforementioned situation A or B of Equation 16 above, N_(ID)^(Cluster) may refer to a group ID when a D2D cluster uses the group IDor refer to an ID of a transmission UE. However, in the presentinvention, according to a D2D situation, when it is difficult for areception UE to know a group ID or an ID of a transmission UE, N_(ID)^(Cluster) may be fixed to ‘0’ and then used. That is, fixing of N_(ID)^(Cluster) to ‘0’ means that N_(ID) ^(Cluster) is removed from Equation16 above.

n_(RX) may refer to an ID of a reception UE or an ID of a transmissionUE. Alternatively, this value may be set to be fixed to ‘0’ and thenused. Fixing of n_(RX) to ‘0’ means that a factor including n_(RX) isremoved from Equation 16 above.

In Equation 16 above, q refers to an index of a codeword. However, inthe present invention, when only 1 layer transmission is used in D2Dcommunication, q may be set to be fixed to ‘0’.

In Equation 16 above, α may be determined as a value obtained byrounding up log₂ N_(cluster id) (N_(cluster id) is a total number ofN_(ID) ^(Cluster)). When N_(ID) ^(Cluster) is set to be fixed to ‘0’, avalue of N_(cluster id) may be ‘1’. In addition, β may be determined asa value +α obtained by rounding up log₂ N_(s). N_(s) is defined as atotal number of

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{first}}{2} \right\rfloor$in Equation 15 related to the situation A, is defined as a total numberof

$\left\lfloor \frac{n_{s} - {2N_{offset}}}{2N} \right\rfloor$in an equation related to the situation A-1, and is defined as a totalnumber of N_(g) an equation related to the situation B. In addition, γmay be defined as β+1 in a system using a maximum 2 codeword like thecurrent LTE system. In a scenario that uses only 1 layer for reliabilityin D2D communication, only 1 codeword is used and, thus, γ may be usedas the same value as β. That is, α, β, and γ may be determined such thatc_(init) does not overlap between UEs that perform transmission. d_(i(n),k,l) obtained by applying an orthogonal code to a symbold_(i(n),k,l), which is formed via scrambling with c_(init), modulation,and layer mapping, according to Equation 10 above may be generated.

Similarly, a scrambling sequence for data will be further described. Asdescribed above, for the scrambling sequence, an ID of a transmissionUE, an ID of a reception UE, a cluster ID, and a subframe number may beused as an initial ID for the scrambling sequence. However, in D2Dcommunication, depending on a situation, it may be difficult for areception UE to know an ID of a transmission UE or a cluster ID or an IDof the reception UE may not be required because the transmission UE isbroadcasting the ID. In this case, burden imposed to a reception UE maybe excessively increased when both an ID of a transmission UE and acluster ID are monitored and detected.

Accordingly, when an initial ID of a scrambling sequence is acquired, ifall of an ID of a transmission UE, an ID of a reception UE, and acluster ID are omitted, the number of candidates of the initial ID isexcessively small and, thus, the same initial ID may be inevitably usedrepeatedly.

Accordingly, in the present invention, when an initial ID for ascrambling sequence is calculated in terms of data, m′ may be added inEquation 10 that represents a cyclic shift value of an RS and anorthogonal code value according to the present invention.

Currently, it may be possible that D2D communication is defied withreference to an uplink configuration of the current LTE and, thus, inthis case, an RS in the D2D communication may be defined to be similarto a configuration of the current PUSCH DMRS. Accordingly, first, in thePUSCH DMRS of the current LTE, a cyclic shift value may be defined asshown in Table 2 below with reference to paragraph ‘5.5.2.1.1’ of TS36.211 as the LTE standard document.

TABLE 2 The cyclic shift α_(λ) in a slot n_(δ) is given as α_(λ) =2πn_(cs,λ)/12 with n_(cs,λ) = (n_(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾ + n_(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾ +n_(PN)(n_(s)))mod12 where the values of n_(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾ is given by Table5.5.2.1.1-2 according to the parameter cyclicShift provided by higherlayers, n_(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾ is given by the cyclic shift for DMRS field inmost recent uplink-related DCI 3GPP TS 36.212[3] for the transport blockassociated with the corresponding PUSCH transmission where the value ofn_(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾ is given in Table 5.5.2.1.1-1

When a cyclic shift value and a value of an orthogonal code in Table 2above are added to an initial ID for a scrambling sequence of data, avalue of the initial ID may become diversified and, thus, this may helpinterference randomization in terms of data. In more general, it may beinterpreted that a data scrambling sequence is determined according to acyclic shift value. The cyclic shift value and the orthogonal code valuemay be added to an initial ID as follows.

-   -   Cyclic shift: n_(cs,λ)·2^(δ)    -   Orthogonal code: in m′·2^(χ)        Here, δ and χ of n_(cs,λ)·2^(δ) and m′·2^(χ) and may be used not        to have overlapping values of different factors during        calculation of an initial ID.

According to the present invention, an operation of a reception UE willnow be described. First, the reception UE may know an orthogonal codeD_((nm)) ^(N×N) of an RS via blind detection or signaling by atransmission UE. Alternatively, the reception UE may know the orthogonalcode D_((nm)) ^(N×N) using a predetermined value. That is, the receptionUE may determine m through this procedure. Likewise, after estimation ofan RS, the reception UE may know an orthogonal code that is also appliedto data based on m=m′. The reception UE may use a cyclic shift valuen_(cs,λ) and an orthogonal code m′ which are obtained during estimationof an RS in order to obtain an initial ID of a scrambling sequenceapplied to data.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more general.

In D2D communication, a DMRS may be generated according to a common IDin order to detect a D2D signal irrespective of a network to which eachUE belongs, but when a DMRS sequence is common (i.e., when each D2D UErandomly transmits a D2D signal), if a plurality of UEs use the sameresource region, performance may be degraded due to collision betweenDMRSs. In order to prevent this, cyclic shift of the same sequence maybe considered. In addition, in order to enhance demodulation performanceof D2D communication, scrambling of data may be considered and datascrambling may also be differently set in a D2D pair to randomizeinterference.

Accordingly, the present invention proposes that a scrambling sequenceused in a data region and a Cyclic Shift Value (CS value) should beassociated with each other and determined.

In this case, an orthogonal code may be considered in one form of ascrambling sequence of a data region and, in this case, may perform afunction of repetition as well as a function of scrambling. For example,a transmission UE may determine a cyclic shift value of a DMRS anddetermine an index (e.g., m′) of an orthogonal code to be used inscrambling of a data region using the corresponding cyclic shift value.

For example, when a cyclic shift value is selected from 0 to 11 and aspreading factor of an orthogonal code is 4 (a repetition factor may beinterpreted to be 4, for example, CS value % 4 may be used as an indexof an orthogonal code to be used in scrambling of a data region may beused. In addition, the orthogonal code may spread a modulated symbol. Inthis regard, scrambling at a bit level prior to modulation may beconsidered for interference randomization between repetition resourceunits and, as described above, bit level scrambling initializationdetermined according to a DMRS cyclic shift value, an orthogonal codeindex, and so on may be performed.

The same sequence as a typical scrambling sequence may be considered inanother form of a scrambling sequence of a data region and, in thisregard, an initialization parameter of a scrambling sequence may bedetermined according to a DMRS cyclic shift value. In more detail, whena initialization seed for a scrambling sequence of a data region ispre-defined or set, a value obtained by adding DMRS cyclic shift value*Xto the corresponding seed may be used as a final scrambling sequenceinitialization parameter (here, X prevents a final initial parameter andanother initial seed from overlapping.). Here, repetition may beconsidered in order to enhanced decoding performance of a D2D signaland, in this regard, a slot index (or a subframe index) or the like maybe added to scrambling sequence initialization during repetition so asto additionally randomize interference in a D2D pair with the samerepeated resources.

In the present invention, a cyclic shift value may be implicitlyassociated in another form of a scrambling sequence of a data region.

According to the present invention, a specific parameter Y may be usedto determine a scrambling sequence of a data region and simultaneouslyused to determine a cyclic shift value of a DMRS. That is, the specificparameter Y is used to determine both the scrambling sequence of thedata region and the cyclic shift value of the DMRS and, thus, it may bedeemed that the scrambling sequence and the cyclic shift value of theDMRS are implicitly associated with each other.

In this case, a representative example of the parameter Y may be an IDof a D2D transmission UE or an ID of synchronized UE. Alternatively, theparameter Y may be an ID of a D2D reception UE. An ID of a reception UEmay be referred to as a SA ID as a scheduling assignment ID in thecurrent LTE.

First, an example of an example of a method of determining a scramblingsequence of a data region will be described. In order to determine ascrambling sequence of a data region, a set (hereinafter, set A forconvenience of description) including at least parameter or allparameters from {D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, data subframe number, SA subframenumber, and number of data subframes}.

That is, in a set {D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, data subframe number, SAsubframe number, and number of data subframes}, the D2D Tx UE ID may bean ID of a UE that performs transmission in D2D, the SS ID may be asequence ID of D2DSS or a synchronization signal ID included in PD2DSCH,and the data subframe number may be a number of a subframe in which datais transmitted in a D2D communication resource. In addition, the SAsubframe number may refer to a number of a subframe in which atransmission UE performs scheduling assignment. When schedulingassignment is performed in a plurality of subframes, the SA subframe mayrefer to one of the subframes. The number of data subframes may refer tothe number of subframes used to transmit data.

In addition, a resource pattern type (RPT) used in data may also beconsidered for a scrambling sequence of a data region. Currently, D2Dhas been discussed for a method of indicating a type of a resourcepattern indicating a detailed position of data in scheduling assignment.In this case, when a plurality of RPTs partially overlap every RPT,interference randomization may be required in the overlapping portions.For this reason, a scrambling sequence of a data region may be formed asa function. In addition, D2D reception UE ID may also be used for thescrambling sequence of the data region.

When a scrambling sequence of a data region for D2D communicationaccording to the present invention is defined based on a configurationof a scrambling sequence of a PUSCH used in uplink on the LTE system,Equation 17 below may be defined in order to determine a initial valuec_(init) of the scrambling sequence of the data region.c _(init) =TXID·2^(δ) ¹ +SFNM·2^(δ) ² +SSID·2^(δ) ³   [Equation 17]

In Equation 17 above, SSID is a SS ID of a set A, SFNM is a datasubframe number in the set A, and TXID is a D2D Tx UE ID in the set A.When at least one of TXID, SFNM, and SSID has a different value, δ_(i)may be set such that c_(init) has a different value. Accordingly, theset A may be determined using at least one of Methods A-1 to A-3-11below.

Method A-1: Some of parameters of {D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, data subframenumber, SA subframe number, number of data subframes, and RPT} may beset for a Tx UE by an eNB.

Method A-2: Some of parameters of {D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, data subframenumber, SA subframe number, number of data subframes, RPT} may bepreconfigured values.

Method A-3: An initial value for scrambling of a PUSCH on the LTE may bedetermined according to c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID)^(cell), n_(RNTI) may be indicated via high layer signaling, q is acodeword number, └n_(s)/2┘ is a subframe number of data, and N_(ID)^(cell) is a cell ID. In Method A-3,c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell) is applied toMethods A-3-1 to A-3-11 to determine an initial value for scrambling ofD2D data.

-   -   Method A-3-1: A value of n_(RNTI) may be fixed to ‘0’ in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell)    -   Method A-3-2: A value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be fixed to ‘510’ or        ‘511’ in c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID)        ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-3: A value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be set to an ID        (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-4: A value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be set to one        selected from two values ‘510’ and ‘511’ in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-5: A value of n_(RNTI) may be set to an ID (i.e., SA        ID) of a reception UE in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-6: A value of n_(RNTI) may be fixed to ‘510’ or ‘511’        in c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-7: A value of n_(RNTI) may be set to an ID of a        transmission UE in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-8: A value of n_(RNTI) may be set to a combination of        an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE and an ID of a        transmission UE in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-9: A value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be set to use one        selected from two values ‘510’ and ‘511’ in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell). In this        case, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be divided into two groups        according to an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE, one group        may be selected —as 510, and the other group may be selected        as 511. This is because a scrambling sequence that is not used        as a scrambling sequence of an existing LTE PUSCH needs to be        formed to prevent continuous collision with the existing PUSCH.    -   Method A-3-10: A value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be set to use one        selected from two values ‘510’ and ‘511’ in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell). In this        case, when an SA ID is configured with N_(SA ID) bits, 1 bit of        N_(SA ID) bits may be used to select 510 and 511 of N_(ID)        ^(cell). In addition, all or some of the remaining (i.e.,        N_(SA ID)−1) bits may be used to determine a value of n_(RNTI)        of c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).    -   Method A-3-11: A value of n_(s) may be replaced with a relative        number but not an actual slot number in        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell). For        example, when it is determined that data is transmitted using        N_(S) consecutive subframes or N_(S) non-consecutive subframes        according to scheduling assignment, 2N_(S) slots may be present        in N_(S) subframes. The 2N_(S) slots may be numbered with 0 to        (2N_(S)−1) and 0 to (2N_(S)−1) may be used instead of n_(s) of        c_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³+└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell).

Hereinafter, a method of determining a cyclic shift value of a DMRS forD2D communication according to the present invention will be described.In order to determine a cyclic shift value of a DMRS, a set(hereinafter, the set B) including at least some of parameters of {D2DTx UE ID, SS ID, data subframe number, SA subframe number, and number ofdata subframes} may be used. In the set B, the D2D Tx UE ID may be an IDof a UE that performs transmission in D2D, the SS ID may be a sequenceID of D2DSS or a synchronization signal ID included in a PD2DSCH, andthe data subframe number may be a number of a subframe in which data istransmitted in a D2D communication resource. In addition, the SAsubframe number may be a number of a subframe in which a Tx UE performsscheduling assignment. When scheduling assignment is performed in aplurality of subframes, the SA subframe may be one of these. The numberof data subframes may be the number of subframes used to transmit data.

In addition, an RPT used in data may also be considered for a cyclicshift value of a DMRS. According to the current D2D communication, thepossibility that a type of a resource pattern indicating a detailedposition of data is indicated via scheduling assignment may be high. Inthis case, when a plurality of RPTs partially overlap every RPT,interference randomization may be required in the overlapping portions.For this reason, a cyclic shift value of a DMRS may be formed as afunction of an RPT. In addition, a D2D reception UE ID may also beconsidered for a cyclic shift value of a DMRS.

When a method of determining a cyclic shift value of a DMRS for D2Dcommunication according to the present invention is defined based on amethod of applying a cyclic shift value in a configuration of a DMRSused in uplink on the current LTE system, Equation 18 below may bedefined in order to determine n_(cs) of a cyclic shift valueα_(λ)=2πn_(cs,λ)/12 (λ is a layer number but a single layer is assumedin D2D and, thus, λ will be omitted from indexes hereinafter.).n _(cs)=(TXID+SFNM+SSID)mod 12  [Equation 18]

In Equation 18 above, SSID is a SS ID of a set B, SFNM is a datasubframe number in the set B, and TXID is a D2D Tx UE ID in the set B.In addition, at least one of Methods B-1 to B-3-9 below may be appliedin order to determine a cyclic shift value of a DMRS for D2Dcommunication according to the present invention.

Method B-1: An eNB may set a cyclic shift value for a Tx UE.

Method B-2: A cyclic shift value may be preconfigured.

Method B-3: A cyclic shift value of a PUSCH DMRS of the current LTE maybe defined according to Equation 19 below.α_(λ)=2πn _(cs,λ)/12  [Equation 19]

A value of n_(cs,λ) in Equation 19 above may be determined according toEquation 20 blow.n _(cs,λ)=(n _(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾ +n _(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾ +n _(PN)(n _(s)))mod12  [Equation 20]

In Equation 20 above, a value of n_(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾ may be indicated via highlayer signaling, a value of n_(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾ may be received from DCI anda value of n_(PN)(n_(s)) may be determined according to Equation 21below.n _(PN)(n _(s))=Σ_(i=0) ⁷ c(8N _(Symb) ^(UL) ·n _(s)+i)·2^(i)  [Equation 21]

In Equation 21 above, a value of c_(init) for c(i) may be determinedaccording to Equation 22 below.

$\begin{matrix}{c_{init} = {{\left\lfloor \frac{N_{ID}^{cell}}{30} \right\rfloor \cdot 2^{5}} + \left( {\left( {N_{ID}^{cell} + \Delta_{ss}} \right)\;{{mod}30}} \right)}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 22} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 22 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be a cell ID andΔ_(ss) may be a value indicated by a high layer. Accordingly, in MethodB-3 according to the present invention, at least one of Methods B-3-1 toB-3-9 below may be applied to Equations 19 to 22 above to determine acyclic shift value of a D2D DMRS.

-   -   Method B-3-1: A value of n_(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾ or n_(DMRS) ⁽²⁾ may be        fixed to ‘0’ in Equation 20 above.    -   Method B-3-2: In Equation 22 above, N_(ID) ^(cell) may be set to        a value obtained by adding ‘510’ or ‘511’ to an ID (SA ID) of a        reception UE. This is because a cyclic shift hopping pattern        that is not used in a DMRS of a PUSCH on the legacy LTE system        needs to be formed to prevent continuous collision with the DMRS        of an existing PUSCH.    -   Method B-3-3: In Equation 22 above, a value of Δ_(ss) may be        fixed to ‘0’.    -   Method B-3-4: In Equation 22 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell)        may be set to a value obtained by adding ‘510’ or ‘511’ to a        combination of an ID of a transmission UE and an ID (i.e., SA        ID) of a reception UE.    -   Method B-3-5: In Equation 19 above, a value of n_(cs,λ) may be        divided into N_(group4CS) groups according to an ID (i.e., SA        ID) of a reception UE and may be set to one value for each        respective group. In this case, when 12 values of n_(cs,λ) are        not used, the used values of n_(cs,λ) may be set so as to have        the same interval between adjacent values. For example, when        four values of n_(cs,λ) are used, values of 0, 3, 6, and 9 of 12        values of n_(cs,λ) may be used so as to have an equivalent        interval, 3 between adjacent values.    -   Method B-3-6: This method is another method of setting values of        n_(cs,λ) of Method B-3-5 with the same interval between adjacent        values. Equation 20 above may be set according to        n_(cs,λ)=a_(cs)×{(n_(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾+n_(DMRS,λ) ⁽²⁾+n_(PN)(n_(s)))mod        b_(cs)}. Here,

$a_{CS} = \left\lfloor \frac{12}{N_{{group}\; 4{CS}}} \right\rfloor$and b_(CS)=N_(group4CS) may be satisfied. N_(group4CS) may be the numberof the used values of n_(cs,λ). When four values of n_(cs,λ) are used,values of 0, 3, 6, and 9 of 12 values of n_(cs,λ) may be used so as tohave an equivalent interval, 3 between adjacent values. Alternatively,for management without hopping, Equation 20 above may be replaced withn_(cs,λ)=a_(CS)×{(reception UE ID)mod b_(CS)}.

-   -   Method B-3-7: In Equation 21 above, a cyclic shift value may be        hopped according to a value of n_(s). In this case, hopping may        be reset every 10 ms. In Equation 21 above, a frame number may        be inserted to hop the cyclic shift value by as much as a length        of a D2D data region but not 10 ms. For example, when a data        region is 40 ms, a hopping pattern may be initialized when a        data region is started and a cyclic shift value may be hopped by        40 ms until the data region is finished.    -   Method B-3-8: In Equation 21 above, a value of n_(s) may be        replaced with a relative number but not an actual slot number.        For example, when it is determined that data is transmitted        using N_(S) consecutive subframes or N_(S) non-consecutive        subframes according to scheduling assignment, 2N_(S) slots may        be present in N_(S) subframes. The 2N_(S) slots may be numbered        with 0 to (2N_(S)−1) and 0 to (2N_(S)−1) may be used instead of        n_(s) of Equation 21 above.    -   Method B-3-9: In Equation 20 above, n_(DMRS) ⁽¹⁾+n_(DMRS,λ)        ⁽²⁾+n_(PN)(n_(s)) may be set as a reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID).

Accordingly, as an embodiment for determining a cyclic shift value of aDMRS for D2D communication according to the present invention, thecyclic shift value of the DMRS of a data region may be generated using aD2D Tx UE ID.

In addition, as another embodiment for determining a cyclic shift valueof a DMRS for D2D communication according to the present invention, thecyclic shift value of the DMRS of a data region may be generated using aD2D Tx UE ID and may be hopped using a data subframe number or a dataslot number. The hopping pattern may be initialized whenever a period ofa data region is started (e.g., a start point of 40 ms when a dataregion has a period of 40 ms). In order to initialize hopping everyperiod of the data region, a hopping portion needs to be re-configuredevery current slot number. In other words, a frame number needs to alsobe considered during reconfiguration of the hopping pattern.

In addition, as another embodiment for determining a cyclic shift valueof a DMRS for D2D communication according to the present invention, thecyclic shift value of the DMRS of a data region may be generated using aD2D Tx UE ID and a subframe number and a subframe number may begenerated using a fixed value.

Hereinafter, a method of determining an orthogonal cover code (OCC)value of a DMRS according to the present invention will be described.Basically, the method may be based on a method of applying an OCC valuein a configuration of a DMRS used in uplink on the current LTE. In thiscase, a partial set (hereinafter, the set C) including at least one ofparameters of {D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, data subframe number, SA subframenumber, and number of data subframes} may be used in order to determinean OCC value [w^((λ))(0) w^((λ))(1)] (λ is a layer number but a singlelayer is assumed in D2D and, thus, λ will be omitted from indexeshereinafter.) of a DMRS. In the set C, D2D Tx UE ID may be an ID of a UEthat performs transmission in D2D, SS ID may be a sequence ID of D2DSSor a synchronization signal ID included in a PD2DSCH, and a datasubframe number may be a number of a subframe in which data istransmitted in a D2D communication resource. In addition, the SAsubframe number may be a number of a subframe in which a Tx UE performsscheduling assignment. When scheduling assignment is performed in aplurality of subframes, the SA subframe may refer to one of thesubframes. The number of data subframes may refer to the number ofsubframes used to transmit data.

In addition, an RPT used in data may also be used for an OCC value of aDMRS. Currently, D2D has been discussed for a method of indicating atype of a resource pattern indicating a detailed position of data inscheduling assignment. In this case, when a plurality of RPTs partiallyoverlap every RPT, interference randomization may be required in theoverlapping portions. For this reason, an OCC value of a DMRS may bedetermined using an RPT. In addition, the D2D reception UE ID may alsobe considered for an OCC value of a DMRS.

A detailed embodiment for determining an OCC value according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to Equation 22 below.[w(0)w(1)]=[1(−1)^(OCC)]  [Equation 22]

In Equation 22 above, a value of a parameter OCC may be determinedaccording to OCC=(TXID+SFNM+SSID)mod 2.

In Equation 22 above, SSID may be an SS ID in a set C, SFNM may be adata subframe number in the set C, and TXID may be a D2D Tx UE ID in theset C. An OCC value of a DMRS may be determined by applying at least oneof Methods C-1 to C-6 to be described below.

Method C-1: An OCC value may be set for a Tx UE by an eNB.

Method C-2: An OCC value may be preconfigured. For example, the OCCvalue may always be set according to [w(0)w(1)]=[1 1].

Method C-3: An OCC value may be differently preconfigured every UE. Forexample, an OCC value may be preconfigured and used according to [w(0)w(1)]=[1 1] for some UEs and may be preconfigured and used according to[w(0) w(1)]=[1 −1] for the other UEs.

Method C-4: An OCC value may be one selected and used from [w(0)w(1)]=[1 1] or [w(0) w(1)]=[1 −1]. In this case, an ID (i.e., SA ID) ofa reception UE may be divided into two groups and may be set to onevalue for each respective group.

Method C-5: An OCC value may be one selected from [w(0) w(1)]=[1 1] or[w(0) w(1)]=[1 −1] and used and may be randomly selected by atransmission UE.

Method C-6: In the case of [w(0) w(1)]=[1 −1^(α)], an OCC value may bedetermined according to one of α=CS mod 2 or

$\alpha = {{C\; S\mspace{14mu}{mod}\mspace{14mu} 2\mspace{14mu}{or}\mspace{14mu}\alpha} = {\frac{CS}{2}\;{mod}\mspace{14mu}{2.}}}$Here, CS may be a cyclic shift value of a DMRS. For example, when acyclic shift value uses only a value of 0, 3, 6, and 9, α=CS mod 2 maybe applied and, when a cyclic shift value uses only a value of 0, 2, 4,6, 8, and 10,

$\alpha = {\frac{CS}{2}\;{mod}\mspace{14mu} 2}$may be applied.

Accordingly, as an embodiment for determining an OCC value of a DMRSaccording to the present invention, the OCC value of the DMRS of a dataregion may be generated using a D2D Tx UE ID.

In addition, as another embodiment for determining an OCC value of aDMRS according to the present invention, the OCC value of the DMRS of adata region may be generated using a D2D Tx UE ID and may be hoppedusing a data subframe number or a data slot number. The hopping patternmay be initialized whenever a period of a data region is started (e.g.,a start point of 40 ms when a data region has a period of 40 ms).

In addition, as another embodiment for determining an OCC value of aDMRS according to the present invention, the OCC value of the DRMS of adata region may be generated using a subframe number of a D2D Tx UE IDand a subframe number may be generated using a fixed value.

According to the present invention, a cyclic shift value and OCC valueof a DMRS may be collectively determined. The cyclic shift value and theOCC value may be collectively determined from a specific set among sets(e.g., (CS, OCC): {(1,3), (2,5), (7,1), . . . }) set with apredetermined value. The set may be preconfigured or set via RRCsignaling. As a parameter for determination of a cyclic shift value andOCC value of a DMRS in the configured set, a set (hereinafter, the setD) including at least one of parameters of {D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, datasubframe number, SA subframe number, and number of data subframes} maybe used. In the set D, D2D Tx UE ID may be an ID of a UE that performstransmission in D2D, SS ID may be a sequence ID of D2DSS or asynchronization signal ID included in a PD2DSCH, and a data subframenumber may be a number of a subframe in which data is transmitted in aD2D communication resource. In addition, the SA subframe number may be anumber of a subframe in which Tx UE performs scheduling assignment. Whenscheduling assignment is performed in a plurality of subframes, the SAsubframe may be one subframe among theses. The number of data subframesmay be the number of subframes used to transmit data.

In the present invention, when the cyclic shift value and OCC value of aDMRS are simultaneously selected in a specific set, the cyclic shiftvalue and the OCC value may be hopped using a data subframe number or adata slot number. The hopping pattern may be initialized whenever aperiod of a data region is started (e.g., a start point of 40 ms when adata region has a period of 40 ms). In order to initialize hopping everyperiod of the data region, a hopping portion needs to be corrected everycurrent slot number. In other words, a frame number needs to also beconsidered during reconfiguration of the hopping pattern.

A method of determining a base sequence of a DMRS according to thepresent invention will be described. In uplink of the current LTE, aroot value of a zadoff-chu sequence may be changed using group hoppingand sequence hopping to generate the base sequence of the DMRS. In thiscase, group hopping and sequence hopping values may be determinedaccording to a slot number and an ID of a serving cell. In D2D, in orderto determine the base sequence of the DMRS of a data region, as aparameter for determining the group hopping or sequence hopping value, aset (hereinafter, the set D) including at least one of parameters of{D2D Tx UE ID, SS ID, data slot number, SA subframe number, and numberof data subframes} may be used. In the set D, D2D Tx UE ID may be an IDof a UE that performs transmission in D2D, SS ID may be a sequence ID ofD2DSS or a synchronization signal ID included in a PD2DSCH, and the dataslot number may be a number of a slot in which data is transmitted in aD2D communication resource. In addition, the SA subframe number may be anumber of a subframe in which a Tx UE performs scheduling assignment.When scheduling assignment is performed in a plurality of subframes, theSA subframe may be one subframe among theses. The number of datasubframes may be the number of subframes used to transmit data.

In an RPT used in data may also be considered for a base sequence of aDMRS. In the current D2D communication, whether to indicate a type of aresource pattern indicating a detailed position of a data duringscheduling assignment has been discussed. In this case, when a pluralityof RPTs partially overlap every RPT, interference randomization may berequired in the overlapping portions. For this reason, a base sequenceof a DMRS may be generated according to an RPT. In addition, D2Dreception UE ID may also be used for the base sequence of the DMRS.

Accordingly, in order to determine the base sequence of the DMRSaccording to the present invention based on the set D, at least one ofMethods D-1 to D-3-13 may be applied.

Method D-1: Group hopping and sequence hopping used to generate a basesequence of a DMRS of a data region may be initialized whenever a periodof a data region is started (e.g., a start point of 40 ms when a dataregion has a period of 40 ms).

Method D-2: A value of a base sequence of a DMRS may be preconfigured.

Method D-3: A zadoff-chu sequence for a base sequence value of a PUSCHDMRS on the legacy LTE may be determined according to Equation 23 below.

$\begin{matrix}{{{x_{q}(m)} = e^{{- \; j}\frac{\pi\;{{qm}{({m + 1})}}}{N_{ZC}^{RS}}}},{0 \leq m \leq {N_{ZC}^{RS} - 1}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 23} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 23 above, a value of q as a root value may be determinedaccording to Equation 24 below.q=└q+½┘+v·(−1)^(└2q┘)q=N _(ZC) ^(RS)·(u+1)/31  [Equation 24]

In Equation 24 above, a value of u may be determined according toEquation 25 below.u=(f _(gh)(n _(s))+f _(ss))mod 30  [Equation 25]

In Equation 25 above, a value of f_(gh)(n_(s)) may be determinedaccording to Equation 26 below.

                                     [Equation  26]${f_{gh}\left( n_{s} \right)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}0 & {{if}\mspace{14mu}{group}\mspace{14mu}{hopping}\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{disabled}} \\{\left( {\sum\limits_{i = 0}^{7}{{c\left( {{8n_{s}} + i} \right)} \cdot 2^{i}}} \right)\;{mod}\mspace{14mu} 30} & {{{if}\mspace{14mu}{group}\mspace{14mu}{hopping}\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{enabled}}\mspace{31mu}}\end{matrix} \right.$

In Equation 26 above, a value of c_(init) for c(i) may be determinedaccording to Equation 27 below.

$\begin{matrix}{c_{init} = \left\lfloor \frac{n_{ID}^{RS}}{30} \right\rfloor} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 27} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 27 above, a value of n_(ID) ^(RS) may be determinedaccording to a cell ID or via high layer signaling. In Equation 25above, a value of f_(ss) may be determined according to Equation 28 inthe case of a PUSCH.f _(ss) ^(PUSCH)=(N _(ID) ^(cell)+Δ_(ss))mod 30  [Equation 28]

In Equation 28 below, N_(ID) ^(cell) may be a cell ID value and Δ_(ss)may be a value received by a high layer. In Equation 24 above, a valueof v may be determined according to Equation 29 below.

$\begin{matrix}{v = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{c\left( n_{s} \right)} & {\mspace{11mu}\begin{matrix}{{if}\mspace{14mu}{group}\mspace{14mu}{hopping}\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{disabled}\mspace{14mu}{and}} \\{{sequence}\mspace{14mu}{hopping}\mspace{14mu}{is}\mspace{14mu}{enabled}}\end{matrix}} \\0 & {otherwise}\end{matrix} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 29} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 29 above a value of c_(int) for c(i) may be determinedaccording to Equation 30 below.

$\begin{matrix}{c_{init} = {{\left\lfloor \frac{n_{ID}^{RS}}{30} \right\rfloor \cdot 2^{5}} + f_{ss}^{PUSCH}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 30} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In Equation 30 above, a value of n_(ID) ^(RS) may be determinedaccording to a cell ID or via high layer signaling and f_(ss) ^(PUSCH)may be determined according to Equation 28 above. Accordingly, accordingto Method D-3, Equations 23 to 30 above may be applied to Methods D-3-1to D-3-13 below to determine a base sequence value of a D2D DMRS.

-   -   Method D-3-1: A value of n_(ID) ^(RS) may be fixed to ‘510’ or        ‘511’ in Equation 27 or 30 above.    -   Method D-3-2: A value of n_(ID) ^(RS) in Equation 27 or 30 may        be set to a value obtained by adding ‘510’ or ‘511’ to an ID        (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE. This is because a sequence        hopping pattern that is not used in a DMRS of a PUSCH on the        legacy LTE may be generated to prevent continuous collision with        a DMRS of the existing PUSCH.    -   Method D-3-3: In Equation 27 or 30 above, a value of n_(ID)        ^(RS) may be set to an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE.    -   Method D-3-4: In Equation 27 or 30 above, a value of n_(ID)        ^(RS) may be set to a combination of an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a        reception UE and an ID of a transmission UE.    -   Method D-3-5: In Equation 27 or 30 above, a value of n_(ID)        ^(RS) may be set to one of two values ‘510’ and ‘511’. In this        case, the value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be divided into two groups        according to an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE, one group        may be selected as 510, and the other group may be selected as        511.    -   Method D-3-6: In Equation 28 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell)        may be fixed to ‘510’ or ‘511’.

Method D-3-7: In Equation 28 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell) may be setto a value obtained by adding ‘510’ or ‘511’ to an ID (i.e., SA ID) of areception UE. This is because a sequence hopping pattern that is notused in a DMRS of a PUSCH on the legacy LTE needs to be generated toprevent continuous collision with a DMRS of the existing PUSCH.

-   -   Method D-3-8: In Equation 28 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell)        may be set to an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE.    -   Method D-3-9: In Equation 28 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell)        may be set to a combination of an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a        reception UE and an ID of a transmission UE.    -   Method D-3-10: In Equation 28 above, a value of N_(ID) ^(cell)        may be set to one selected from two values ‘510’ and ‘511’. In        this case, the value may be divided into two groups according to        an ID (i.e., SA ID) of a reception UE, one group may be selected        as 510 and the other group may be selected as 511.    -   Method D-3-11: In Equation 26 or 29 above, a base sequence value        may be hopped according to a value of n_(s). In this case,        hopping may be reset every 10 ms. Accordingly, in Equation 26 or        29 above, a frame number may be additionally applied to hop the        base sequence value by as much as the length of a D2D data        region but not 10 ms. For example, when a data region is 40 ms,        a hopping pattern may be initialized when a data region is        started and a base sequence value may be hopped by 40 ms until        the data region is finished.    -   Method D-3-12: In Equation 28 above, a value of Δ_(ss) may be        fixed to ‘0’ and used.    -   Method D-3-13: In Equation 26 above, a value of n_(s) may be        replaced with a relative number but not an actual slot number.        For example, when it is determined that data is transmitted        using N_(S) consecutive subframes or N_(S) non-consecutive        subframes according to scheduling assignment, 2N_(S) slots may        be present in N_(S) subframes. The 2N_(S) slots may be numbered        with 0 to (2N_(S)−1) and 0 to (2N_(S)−1) may be used instead of        n_(s) of Equation 26 above.

Accordingly, in order to determine a base sequence of a DMRS accordingto the present invention, i) group hopping or sequence hopping may beperformed using a D2D Tx UE ID and a slot index. Alternatively, in orderto determine a base sequence of a DMRS according to the presentinvention, ii) group hopping or sequence hopping may be performed usinga D2D Tx UE ID and a fixed value as a slot index or iii) group hoppingor sequence hopping may be performed using a D2D Tx UE ID. Here, i) maybe a most generally considered case and, in this case, the base sequencemay be changed every slot. According to ii) and iii), a base sequence isgenerated without being affected by a slot index, but ii) and iii) aredifferent in terms of whether an offset value is present or not.

In addition, in the present invention, a plurality of bits used toconfigure a reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID) may be separated and used totransmit a signal for D2D communication. That is, at least one of ascrambling sequence of data, a base sequence of a DMRS, cyclic shift,and OCC may be generated based on at least some (i.e., some or all) ofthe bits used to configure the reception UE ID.

For example, the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID) may be divided into aplurality of bits and may be denoted by a scrambling sequence of data, abase sequence of a DMRS, CS, and OCC. In detail, in order to generatethe scrambling sequence of data and the base sequence used in a PUSCH onthe LTE, the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID) may be used instead of n_(ID)^(RS) or N_(ID) ^(cell). In this case, only some bits of the receptionUE ID (i.e., SA ID) may be used to determine n_(ID) ^(RS) or N_(ID)^(cell). For example, when one of two values 510 and 511 is used forn_(ID) ^(RS) or N_(ID) ^(cell), the used value may be determined usingonly one bit of the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID).

In addition, the number of available cyclic shifts and OCC values isalso limited and, thus, some bits of the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID)may be used to determine the cyclic shift and the other bits may be usedto determine the OCC.

For convenience of description, the case obtained by applying thisfeature to the aforementioned example, will now be described. The cyclicshift may also be determined using some of the other bits except for thesome bits of the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID), which are used for thescrambling sequence of data and the base sequence. In addition, the OCCmay also be determined using some of the other bits except for some bitsof the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID), which are used for the scramblingsequence of data, the base sequence, and the cyclic shift. For example,when the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID) is configured with

$\underset{\underset{a}{︸}}{{b_{1}b_{2}\mspace{14mu}\ldots}\mspace{14mu}}\underset{\underset{b}{︸}}{b_{n}b_{n + 1}\mspace{14mu}\ldots}\mspace{14mu}\underset{\underset{c}{︸}}{b_{m}b_{m + 1}\mspace{14mu}\ldots}$and b_(i) has a value of ‘0’ or ‘1’, some bits of a part a of the SA IDmay be used to determine a value of n_(ID) ^(RS) or N_(ID) ^(cell) ofthe scrambling sequence of data and the base sequence, some bits of apart b may be used to determine the OCC of a DMRS, and some bits of apart c may be used to determine the cyclic shift of the DMRS.

The present invention proposes a method of dividing a reception UE ID(i.e., SA ID) into a plurality of bits and generating a D2D signal. Indetail, the reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID) may be divided into aplurality of bit parts and the respective bits may be determined for thebase sequence, the cyclic shift, OCC, and so on based on the bit parts.

For example, the respective bits may indicate the base sequence, thecyclic shift, and the OCC. Accordingly, it is assumed that the receptionUE UD is configured with

$\underset{\underset{a}{︸}}{{b_{1}b_{2}\mspace{14mu}\ldots}\mspace{14mu}}\underset{\underset{b}{︸}}{b_{n}b_{n + 1}\mspace{14mu}\ldots}\mspace{14mu}\underset{\underset{c}{︸}}{b_{m}b_{m + 1}\mspace{14mu}\ldots}$and b_(i) has a value of ‘0’ or ‘1’. In addition, positions of a, b, andc may be exchanged. In this case, some bits of a part a may be used todefine a sequence-group number u in Equation 25 of a base sequence of aDMRS of data (e.g., u=(a part)mod 30). In addition, some or all of theother parts b and c may indicate i) values of CS and OCC, respectivelyor indicate ii) a combination of CS and OCC.

In the preset invention, it may be difficult to apply a, b, and c of abit unit to a method of dividing a reception UE ID (i.e., SA ID) into aplurality of bits and generating a D2D signal because a base sequence isactually calculated using modulo 30. Accordingly, when the basesequence, the cyclic shift, and the OCC of the DMRS of data aregenerated, the method may be corrected. When the base sequence isgenerated, Equation 25 above may be changed to u=(SA ID)mod 30 and used.In addition, a value of

$\left\lfloor \frac{{SA}\mspace{14mu}{ID}}{30} \right\rfloor$may indicate a combination of the CS and the OCC.

That is, for convenience of description, the present invention has beendescribed in terms of the method of dividing one SA ID into a pluralityof bits and applying the bits to all of a scrambling sequence of data abase sequence of a DMRS, cyclic shift, and an OCC, but the scramblingsequence of data or the base sequence of a DMRS, which is not easilycalculated in bit units, may be generated based on all bits constitutingthe SA ID and the cyclic shift and the OCC that are easily calculated inbit units may be generated based on some bits constituting the SA ID.

According to the present invention, a D2D transmission UE may determinea DMRS cyclic shift value and initialize a scrambling sequence of a dataregion based on the DMRS cyclic shift value or select an orthogonalcode, and a D2D reception UE may detect a cyclic shift of a DMRS viamonitoring (e.g., blind decoding) and so on and then estimate a datascrambling sequence and/or an orthogonal code index based on thecorresponding cyclic shift value.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of astructure in which data is repeated in a unit of a D2D resourcesubframe, the present invention may also be applied to a structure inwhich data is repeated in a unit of a resource element. Assuming thatthe number of repeated resource elements (REs) is N, transmitted data isd(i+j−1)(j∈{1,2, . . . , N}). The data may be a data symbol obtained byapplying scramble and then performing modulation and layer mapping.According to j, the data symbol may apply an orthogonal symbol accordingto Equation 31 below.d (i+j−1)=d(i+j−1)×D _((jm′)) ^(N×N)  [Equation 31]

Accordingly, d(i+j−1) withc_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell) applied theretomay be transmitted through a transmission UE. A reception UE mayrecognize m′ as an orthogonal code value used inc_(init)=n_(RNTI)·2¹⁴+q·2¹³└n_(s)/2┘·2⁹+N_(ID) ^(cell) via blinddetection.

Although the present invention has been described in terms of a singleantenna, the present invention can be applied to a multi-antenna in thesame way.

Whether a method of applying an orthogonal code to an RS or dataaccording to the present invention is used may be determined via RRCsignaling. For example, it may be appropriate to use the presentinvention to the case of a slow fading channel because the channel issimilar in a long subframe period but the present invention may not beused in the case of a fast fading channel due to low gain.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating a base station (BS) and a UE towhich an embodiment of the present invention is applicable.

When a wireless communication system includes a relay, communication ina backhaul link may be performed between a BS and the relay andcommunication in an access link may be performed between the relay and aUE. Accordingly, the BS or UE illustrated in the drawing may be replacedwith a relay as necessary.

Referring to FIG. 11, the wireless communication system may include a BS110 and a UE 120. The BS 110 may include a processor 112, a memory 114,and a radio frequency (RF) unit 116. The processor 112 may be configuredto embody the procedures and/or methods proposed according to thepresent invention. The memory 114 may be connected to the processor 112and store various information items related to an operation of theprocessor 112. The RF unit 116 may be connected to the processor 112 andmay transmit and/or receive a radio signal. The UE 120 may include aprocessor 122, a memory 124, and an RF unit 126. The processor 122 maybe configured to embody the procedures and/or methods proposed accordingto the present invention. The memory 124 may be connected to theprocessor 122 and store various information items related to anoperation of the processor 122. The RF unit 126 may be connected to theprocessor 122 and may transmit and/or receive a radio signal. The BS 110and/or the UE 120 may have a single antenna or a multi-antenna.

The embodiments of the present invention described above arecombinations of elements and features of the present invention. Theelements or features may be considered selective unless otherwisementioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without beingcombined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of thepresent invention may be constructed by combining parts of the elementsand/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of thepresent invention may be rearranged. Some constructions of any oneembodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replacedwith corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It is obvious tothose skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited ineach other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as anembodiment of the present invention or included as a new claim by asubsequent amendment after the application is filed.

In the embodiments of the present invention, a specific operationdescribed as being performed by the BS may be performed by an upper nodeof the BS. Namely, it is apparent that, in a network comprised of aplurality of network nodes including a BS, various operations performedfor communication with a UE may be performed by the BS, or network nodesother than the BS. The term ‘BS’ may be replaced with a fixed station, aNode B, an eNode B (eNB), an access point, etc.

The embodiments of the present invention may be achieved by variousmeans, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combinationthereof. In a hardware configuration, the methods according to exemplaryembodiments of the present invention may be achieved by one or moreApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital SignalProcessors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs),Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, an embodiment of the presentinvention may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, afunction, etc. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executedby a processor.

The memory unit is located at the interior or exterior of the processorand may transmit and receive data to and from the processor via variousknown means.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention maybe carried out in other specific ways than those set forth hereinwithout departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of thepresent invention. The above embodiments are therefore to be construedin all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of theinvention should be determined by the appended claims and their legalequivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming withinthe meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended tobe embraced therein.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is applicable to various wireless communicationsystems other than a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long termevolution (LTE) system although the embodiments of the present inventionhave been described in terms of an example in which a method andapparatus for transmitting a signal for device-to-device (D2D)communication in a wireless communication system is applied to the 3GPPLTE system.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of transmitting a device-to-device(D2D) data signal by a first user equipment (UE) in a wirelesscommunication system, the method comprising: receiving a destinationidentity (ID) for D2D communication; transmitting, to a second UE, theD2D data signal through an uplink subframe; and transmitting, to thesecond UE, a DeModulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) related to the D2Ddata signal, wherein a scrambling sequence for the D2D data signal, avalue of a cyclic shift of the DM-RS, and a value of an orthogonal covercode (OCC) of the DM-RS are determined based on respective partial bitsconstituting the destination ID, and wherein the respective partial bitsare not all bits constituting the destination ID.
 2. A first userequipment (UE) for transmitting a device-to-device (D2D) data signal ina wireless communication system, the first UE comprising: a transmitterand a receiver; and a processor, coupled to the transmitter andreceiver, that: receives a destination identity (ID) for D2Dcommunication, controls the transmitter to transmit, to a second UE, theD2D data signal through an uplink subframe, and controls the transmitterto transmit, to the second UE, a DeModulation Reference Signal (DM-RS)related to the D2D data signal, wherein a scrambling sequence for theD2D data signal, a value of a cyclic shift of the DM-RS, and a value ofan orthogonal cover code (OCC) of the DM-RS are determined based onrespective partial bits constituting the destination ID, and wherein therespective partial bits are not all bits constituting the destinationID.
 3. The first UE according to claim 2, wherein the OCC is selectedfrom [w(0) w(1)]=[1 1] or [w(0) w(1)]=[1 −1] based on the destinationID.
 4. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: receivingsubframe information with the destination ID for transmission of the D2Ddata signal; and wherein the D2D data signal is transmitted through theuplink subframe based on the subframe information.
 5. The methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the OCC is selected from [w(0) w(1)]=[1 1]or [w(0) w(1)]=[1 −1] based on the destination ID.
 6. The first UEaccording to claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive subframe information with the destination ID for transmission ofthe D2D data signal; wherein the D2D data signal is transmitted throughthe uplink subframe based on the subframe information.